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Fiber
A
fiber is normally considered to be to a small (approximately 0.025mm
- 1.0 mm), optically
conductive
structure, often consisting of nothing more than a cylindrical core
glass of a high refractive index surrounded by a tubular cladding
glass with a lower index. The boundary interface between the core
and the clad acts as a mirror to photons hitting it up to a certain
angle determined by the refractive indices of the core/clad combination.
The complete envelopment of the cylindrical core by the cladding
-- the fused, intimate contact of the two --effectively confines
and conducts these photons by reflection along the fiber's length,
similar to nearly frictionless, spherical bullets traveling down
the interior of a smooth tube by undergoing a series of grazing
ricochets.
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